2 Corinthians 11: Answering the Critics

Verse 1 of chapter 10 introduces a dramatic shift in tone. The first nine chapters mainly show Paul's relief at seeing encouraging signs in Corinth. But these last four chapters make clear that hostility was still raging. In fact, some have guessed that this section was taken from the painful letter Paul referred to earlier (2:4). Here at the end of 2 Corinthians, Paul boldly confronts his critics.

Who were his antagonists? A picture of them emerges if you compile all the accusations Paul answers throughout the letter. Basically, they were carping troublemakers. In their eyes, Paul could do nothing right.

Paul's enemies in Corinth had blasted him for not visiting them as promised; yet when he did visit they gossiped, "In person he is unimpressive and his speaking amounts to nothing" (10:10). They had criticized him for not taking a salary and then insinuated that he was misusing funds (8:20; 11:7-9). To these "super-apostles" (11:5), Paul somehow appeared simultaneously unimpressive and yet crafty; overly strict and yet worldly. Some even hinted that he was out of his mind (5:13).

You can almost sense Paul declaring "I've had it!" and then rolling up his sleeves to refute the charges. He insists that the future of the Corinthian church, not just his own reputation, is at stake. What does he feel? Something like the burning jealousy of a father who watches his daughter being seduced away from her true love (11:2-3).

These four remarkable chapters show Paul's passionate nature. Frustrated by having to defend himself, he almost stammers in print. He is determined to convince the Corinthians that he is motivated by a desire to serve God, not by any schemes for profit or power. Along the way, he lists an amazing catalog of his physical sufferings and reveals intimate details of his spiritual life, including one incident still shrouded in mystery (12: 1-6).

Judge for yourself, Paul seems to say, to the Corinthians and to all of us. Look at my life and decide: Whose fool am I?

Reflection

Being wrongly accused of something might be one of the most hurtful things in life to endure. Just as Paul's enemies questioned his sincerity for the church and essentially launched a character assassination against him, we too may come to a point in life where we have to "explain" ourselves to avoid this type of alienation. It's how we handle it, though, that may be the more important aspect. Again, an awful lot can be learned by Paul, in terms of temperament, restraint, and faith in Christ.

2 Corinthians 9: Don't Forget the Poor

Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.

Every day in millions of mailboxes across the United States, letters with special "non-profit" postage stamps appear, stuffed among catalogs, magazines and flyers from retail stores. Fund-raising through the mail is big business for Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant groups, as well as other charitable organizations.

The apostle Paul assuredly never engineered a million-piece charity appeal- the empire's postal service and the cost of papyrus made such an idea unthinkable. But 2 Corinthians does present a direct appeal for funds (chapters 8-9). Jewish Christians near Jerusalem were reportedly on the edge of starvation. Paul seized on the crisis as a perfect chance for Gentile Christians to reach out in compassion and demonstrate their spiritual unity with Jewish Christians.

In these two chapters, Paul outlines a philosophy of Christian giving, holding up Jesus Christ as a model. He explains the goal of such giving and the proper attitude of the gives. He even applies a little pressure by citing examples of Christians less well-heeled than the Corinthians (8:1-6; 9: 1-5).

This brief passage on giving shows Paul's holistic concerns. While still recuperating from personal trauma, he had agreed to head up a major fund-raising drive on behalf of the needy in Jerusalem. Later, working on that very project, he paused to write the profoundly theological book of Romans. (Romans 15:25-26)/ His scholarship didn't dampen a zeal for practical Christian love; his concern for souls didn't crowd out concern for their hungry bodies.

Reflection

Generosity definitely has side effects. I think one of the lessons that Paul is trying to teach us here is the fact that giving actually enriches and benefits the giver. A gift can serve as an act of worship to God and can inspire other people's faith and thanksgiving.

2 Corinthians 4: Jars of Clay

But we have this treasure in jars of clay to show that this all-surpassing power is from God and not from us.

Although Paul has an unshakable belief in an afterlife (see 1 Corinthians 15), he does not prepare for the next life by sitting around all day waiting for it to arrive. Paul works as hard as anyone has ever worked, but with a new purpose: "So we make it our goal to please him, whether we are at home in the body or away from it" (5:9). He seeks to do God's will on Earth just as it is done in heaven.

Paul's hope for the future, however, keeps him motivated when the crush of life tempts him to lose heart. He is writing this letter just as an intense struggle with the Corinthian church is coming to a head, and as a result, this letter reveals the apostle in one of his lowest, most vulnerable moments. He has, barely, survived hardships "far beyond [his] ability to endure" (1:8)

In his typical style, Paul uses a word picture to express his inner thoughts: "treasure in jars of clay." In his day, jars of clay are nearly as common- and as disposable- as cardboard boxes are today. You would not expect to store valuables in a container that, in essence, consists of baked dirt. Yet, Paul also recognizes that God has chosen to entrust the "treasure" of the gospel to ordinary people such as himself, people who in some ways resemble breakable jars of clay. At this point, beset by difficulties, Paul feels about as durable as one of these jars.

Reflection

Amazingly, God continues to choose mere humans as his personal representatives. Paul is determined to draw attention to the treasure inside him, not to himself. As he writes, "what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal." Everything we own in life can crumble like a clay jar, but the one treasure that we all have- God's grace- is rock solid.